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Hub-and-spoke in SEO: how to build topical authority in a category

Most companies create content blindly. One article today, another next week, each about something slightly different. No connection, no system. The result? Fragmented content that looks more like a random blog than a source of expertise.

And that’s exactly how Google sees it too. Instead of a strong topical website, it sees individual, unrelated pages. Hub-and-spoke solves this problem. It’s built on a simple principle: you create one main, comprehensive article (hub) that covers the entire topic. Around it, you add smaller, more specific articles (spokes) that go deeper and link to each other. Instead of isolated texts, you get a connected content whole that makes sense for both users and search engines.

What is the hub-and-spoke model

Think of a bicycle wheel. At the centre is the hub — one main page covering the topic in full breadth. From the hub radiate spokes — shorter articles focused on specific subtopics. Each spoke links back to the centre.

The result? An interconnected content network that tells Google: this website genuinely understands this topic. And that is exactly what Google rewards. Not isolated texts, but a coherent view of the topic.

Hub-and-spoke wheel diagram A bicycle wheel showing one central hub connected to six spoke articles on specific subtopics. HUB SEO guide for small businesses Keyword research step by step How to optimise title tags How to build backlinks Core Web Vitals and website speed Google Search Console for beginners Local SEO for freelancers

Each spoke links to the hub, the hub links to all spokes. PageRank distributes across the entire network.

Why it works better than random publishing

Google is no longer just a keyword-matching machine. Today it understands context, search intent and whether a website genuinely knows its topic — or just writes about everything randomly.

Hub-and-spoke works for three reasons:

  • Topical authority. Comprehensive topic coverage across multiple interlinked pages signals expertise to Google. One article about SEO won’t make you an expert — a dozen connected articles will.
  • PageRank distribution. If one spoke article earns a backlink from another website, that authority flows through internal linking to the hub and other spokes. The entire network benefits from individual wins.
  • Longer time on site. A visitor who reads a spoke article and finds a link to the hub or another spoke will stay on your site longer. Lower bounce rate and higher dwell time are signals Google takes into account. Watch out: a slow website will undo this effect faster than anything else.

Websites implementing a hub-and-spoke structure report hundreds of percent increases in first-page Google rankings. But this is not a quick win — building topical authority takes months. It is an investment in long-term visibility, not a shortcut.

How to build the hub-and-spoke model step by step

01

Choose a main topic for your hub

The hub should target a broad, competitive keyword with high search volume. Typically a head term like “SEO for e-commerce”, “content marketing” or “social media management”. Ranking directly on that term is hard, but the hub serves as a strategic foundation.

02

Map out subtopics for your spokes

For each hub, identify 6 to 12 specific subtopics. Tools like Ahrefs or Semrush will show the long-tail queries people search for in a given category. Each subtopic = one spoke article.

03

Write your hub as a comprehensive guide

The hub is not an encyclopaedia page full of text. It is a clear guide that explains the main topic to the reader and points them towards more detailed resources — your spokes. Length typically ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 words. As with any page: loading speed determines whether users actually read it.

04

Write spoke articles and interlink them

Each spoke goes deep on one specific subtopic. The key is bidirectional linking: spokes link to the hub, the hub links to all spokes. Spokes can also link to each other where it makes topical sense.

05

Update your content regularly

Hub-and-spoke is not a one-off project. Update spokes every 6 to 12 months, the hub every 12 to 18 months. Google values content freshness, especially in fast-moving areas.

Hub vs. pillar page: what is the difference

Both terms are often confused, but they are not the same thing. A pillar page is one large page covering an entire topic in one place. Hub-and-spoke distributes content across multiple pages and connects them through internal linking.

A pillar page works well when you want to keep readers on one page and cover the topic in depth in a single piece. Hub-and-spoke is a better choice when a topic has many subtopics, each deserving its own URL — and its own chance to rank for specific queries.

For competitive keywords with many subtopics, hub-and-spoke tends to be more effective precisely because more pages means more entry points from search engines.

A real-world example: e-bikes na ElektroGuide.cz

On the affiliate website ElektroGuide.cz, I built exactly this structure for the e-bike category. The hub is a page covering e-bike selection in full breadth. Around it, spoke articles grow, each targeting specific queries that people actually search for.

HUB: How to choose an e-bike
↕ ↕ ↕ ↕ ↕
Mountain vs. city e-bikes
How an e-bike motor works
E-bike range: what affects it
Best e-bikes under €1,200
E-bike brand overview
How to care for an e-bike battery

Real structure from ElektroGuide.cz. Each spoke targets a different long-tail query and links back to the hub.

Google doesn’t see ElektroGuide as a random collection of reviews, but as a specialised resource for people looking to buy an e-bike. That is exactly the effect hub-and-spoke is designed to create.

Hub-and-spoke and AI search

Well-structured content today means more than just better Google rankings. Chatbots like ChatGPT or Perplexity and Google AI Overviews increasingly pull information from websites that cover topics comprehensively and consistently. Hub-and-spoke is exactly the type of structure that AI systems prefer as a source. Interlinked content with a clear hierarchy builds the authority that algorithms reference.

Where to start

You don’t need to build ten hubs at once. Start with one topic where you have genuine expertise. Write the hub as a clear guide, then gradually add spoke articles based on what your customers are searching for.

Hub-and-spoke is not a sprint. It is a way to systematically build your position online so that every new article strengthens the previous one, rather than existing in isolation.

And if you’re not sure where to start with keyword research or how to design the structure for your industry, I’d be happy to take a look with you.


Ondřej Koraba

Ondřej Koraba

Content marketing specialist and SEO consultant. More at koraba.cz.

Frequently asked questions

FAQ: hub-and-spoke model

Hub-and-spoke is a way of organising content on a website. One central page (hub) covers the main topic and links to a series of supporting articles (spokes) focused on specific subtopics. Each spoke links back to the hub. The result is an interconnected content network that builds topical authority — signalling to Google that the website is a genuine expert on the topic.
The ideal number is 6 to 8 spoke articles per hub. This range ensures sufficient topic coverage without the content becoming fragmented or redundant. You can start with fewer spokes and gradually add new subtopics based on keyword research and what users are searching for.
A pillar page covers an entire topic on one large page. Hub-and-spoke distributes content across multiple pages connected through internal links. A pillar page works well for topics where you want to keep readers in one place. Hub-and-spoke is more effective for competitive topics with many subtopics, where each subtopic can rank independently for specific long-tail queries.
Hub-and-spoke is a long-term strategy. First results in the form of improved spoke article rankings for long-tail queries may appear after 3 to 6 months. Visible growth in hub authority and rankings for broader keywords typically comes after 6 to 12 months of continuous publishing and content updates.
Start with keyword research in a tool like Ahrefs, Semrush or Google Search Console. Hub topics are broad keywords with high search volume, typically transactional or informational in nature. Spoke topics are specific long-tail queries that branch out from the main topic. Choose topics where you have genuine expertise and can add value beyond what already exists online.
Yes, if a spoke is relevant to multiple hubs, it can link to each of them. The important thing is to avoid duplicate content — each spoke should have a clearly defined topic and its own angle. Cross-linking between spokes from different hubs is desirable where topics naturally connect.